The use of hydrogen as an energy resource is one of the key options for the global energy transition, which is associated with the implementation of a set of measures to combat climate change. The energy transition to low-carbon hydrogen will reduce total greenhouse gas emissions to 80 gigatons of CO2 (22% of total GHG emissions) by 2050, provided that global hydrogen production reaches 660 million tons (Global Hydrogen Flows, Hydrogen Council, October 2022: Global-Hydrogen-Flows.pdf (hydrogencouncil.com). The planned global volumes of hydrogen production and use are currently significantly ahead of the development of the necessary infrastructure for its transportation (Global Hydrogen Review, International Energy Agency, September 2023: Global Hydrogen Review 2023 – Analysis - IEA). The most effective way of large-tonnage transportation of hydrogen over long distances is its transportation in liquefied form, since in this variant the maximum mass of transported hydrogen in a single volume (density of transported energy) is provided. The use of existing infrastructure (ports, sea container ships, automobile container ships, railway platforms) is possible with the use of universal multimodal transport containers – tank containers. Transportation of hydrogen in tank containers will allow for distributed logistics, forming a competitive environment between hydrogen producers in the absence of the need for strict binding to specialized infrastructure and the so-called "hydrogen corridors". In this regard, multimodal container transportation is one of the main drivers of the development of the hydrogen industry. The implemented CryoSafe-42 solution (in 2024, a pilot tank container was manufactured, which passed all tests and was certified by the Maritime Register) gives hydrogen logistics the following advantages: 1) efficiency (long-term and long-distance transportation of hydrogen without losses, a large useful volume of the transported substance); 2) flexibility (the ability to use any container infrastructure); 3) multimodality and safety (transportation by all modes of transport, including by rail, in full compliance with international standards for the transportation of dangerous goods).
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